![]() ![]() The present study contrasted serial-position effects on the free-recall task in Korean-English bilinguals’ L1 vs. On free-recall tasks, a typical pattern of performance follows a U-shaped serial-position curve, where items from the beginning of the list (the primacy effect) and items from the end of the list (the recency effect) are recalled with higher accuracy than items from the middle of the list. In this study, we examined mechanisms that underlie free-recall performance in bilinguals’ first language (L1) and second language (L2) through the prism of serial-position effects. Serial-Position Effects on a Free-Recall Task in Bilinguals Together, these findings suggest that linguistic knowledge constrains free-recall performance in bilinguals, but only in the pre-recency region. A close association was observed between WM and recall performance in the pre-recency region in the L1 but not in the L2. ![]() Results revealed stronger pre-recency (primacy and middle) effects in L1 than in L2, but similar recency effects in the two languages. L2 and examined the relationship between an independent working memory (WM) measure and serial-position effects in bilinguals' two languages. The present study contrasted serial-position effects on the free-recall task in Korean-English bilinguals' L1 vs. In this study, we examined mechanisms that underlie free-recall performance in bilinguals' first language (L1) and second language (L2) through the prism of serial-position effects. Serial-position effects on a free-recall task in bilinguals. It is proposed that, independent of the evaluation procedure, judges' initial impressions of sequentially appearing candidates may be formed step-by-step, yielding serial position effects. The linear order effect was replicated in the step-by-step judgments of World and European Figure Skating Contests. Yet, this paper reports similar serial position effects with end-of-sequence and step-by-step procedures used for the Eurovision Song Contest: Ratings increased with serial position. This procedure should not burden memory, though it may produce different serial position effects. Candidates may also be evaluated step-by-step, immediately after each performance. If judges' evaluations are based on how well they remember performances, serial position effects may resemble those found with free recall. In end-of-sequence procedures, final scores are not given until all candidates have performed, possibly burdening judges' memory. Whether, or what, serial position effects emerge may depend on the cognitive demands of the judgment task. Randomization cannot reduce potential order effects, but it does give candidates an equal chance of being assigned to preferred serial positions. ![]() Such serial position effects would threaten the fairness of competitions using jury evaluations. Whenever competing options are considered in sequence, their evaluations may be affected by order of appearance. Save the last dance for me: unwanted serial position effects in jury evaluations. ![]()
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